rubber mechanical properties1984 fender stratocaster value

Henan Water Resour. As shown in Figure 7b, after 36 days aging under low-temperature air environment, the additive particles on the surface completely disappeared, but many protrusions appeared, and the surface of the specimen became abnormally uneven. SBR is similar to natural rubber. Deng J., Zheng Y., Pan Z.C. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Deng Jun et al. It also has good mechanical properties over a wide temperature range. Five groups of specimens were prepared in two environments, and each group consisted of three tensile specimens, five tear specimens, three permanent compression deformation specimens and one hardness specimen. The authors declare no conflict of interest. [12] studied the influence of time and pressure on rubber in a low-temperature environment. hbbd```b``3@$St`f0y! Has excellent resistance to petroleum oils and fuels. HNBR has excellent abrasion, compression set, tensile, and tear properties. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted It shows that the CH bond and =CH slowly weaken, and CO appears on the molecular chain. Figure 8 shows the cross-sectional morphologies of the tensile test pieces in the low-temperature air environment and low-temperature water environment. During the period of 7290 days, the content of the C element in the low-temperature air environment significantly decreased compared with that in low-temperature water, while the content of O element increased significantly. Grabner Instruments MiniFlash FPA Vision Autosampler is a 12-position autosampler. Thus, this environment has an effect on the strength of the rubber waterstop, but the effect is far less than that in the low-temperature air environment. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Tensile strength of waterstop in three different environments. Technol. %%EOF Polyacrylate is used in applications such as transmissions or anything where there is petroleum oils and high temperature. Enter words / phrases / DOI / ISBN / authors / keywords / etc. This causes serious pollution to the marine environment and kills a large number of marine organisms, but natural rubber products can be recycled, and many countries have established the corresponding regulations [9]. The results showed that the elongation and fracture stress of rubber gradually decreased with increasing aging time and aging temperature, and a small increase in temperature would lead to a significant decrease in mechanical properties. The peaks at 1640 cm1 and 878 cm1 were defined as =CH stretching vibration of the cis-1,4 structure, while the peak at 1443 cm1 was assigned to deformation vibration absorption of CO. Durability of rubber waterstop in extreme environment: Effect and mechanisms of ultraviolet aging. rubber waterstop, low temperature, aging performance, microscopic examination, mechanism analysis. Additionally, the rubber waterstop used in water conservancy projects is generally poured inside the concrete, which greatly reduces the contact with oxygen and ozone, and also shelters from light [15]. Owned and operated by AZoNetwork, 2000-2022, A Laser Disdrometer for All Types of Precipitation OTT Parsivel, Discover the MiniFlash FPA Vision Autosampler, New Technology For High Energy Aqueous Batteries, Miniaturized Energy Storage Devices and Integrated Microsystems, New Adsorbent Material Rapidly Removes Toxic Chromium and Arsenic From Water, Researchers Create Stretchable, Composite Layered 2D Materials. Fluorosilicone has limited strength and abrasion resistance so it is generally recommended for static applications only. Before The reason for this is that the rubber main chain and side chain of the molecular chain and crosslinking chain fracture happens, simultaneously creating new crosslinking, whereas in the low-temperature environment, the rubber molecular chain is in a new crosslinking reaction, thus showing surface hardening after aging and brittle crack, namely due to its decreasing tensile strength, elongation, tear strength and compression permanent deformation. Enterp. Highly resistant to ozone and weathering. Yan Y.Y. Apparent morphology of the specimen after aging at low temperature. SEM observation reveals that with the increase in aging time, the surface additive particles disappear, many protrusions appear and gradually increase in the low-temperature air environment. The loading speed of the testing machine was set to 500 mm/min [17,18]. Tensile strength and tear strength decreased by 19.1% and 23.3% in the low-temperature water environment. Tensile strength and tear strength decreased by 34.9% and 24.7% in the low-temperature air environment. Compression set of waterstop in three different environments. The results showed that the hardness of rubber material at low-temperature increased with the gradual increase in time and pressure and proposed that one of the reasons for the increase in rubber hardness was crystallization. In this interview, wediscuss the company'snovel technologies and how they could revolutionize how we think about plastics. Application of rubber waterstop in water conservancy project construction. At the same time, natural rubber has a huge advantage over fossil-based polymers in terms of environmental friendliness. Due to the ever-increasing demand for energy, the demand for nuclear fuel has also increased, which has further created a significant increase in the requirement for post-irradiation examination (PIE) techniques. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (. Use the rubber comparison chart to find the most economical seal. %PDF-1.6 % 1College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; [emailprotected] (W.Y. Tan L.Y. If you are looking for detailed rubber specifications such as tensile specs in psi or elongation percentages for our rubber materials, go to our rubber specifications section. 0 eaha``lt=id?#Lp%xa`8a'%Yrp}&`+O!KNxCFVl2Rg7Kj lC"Ii@nl!F Gwun`i. Received 2021 May 11; Accepted 2021 Jun 18. The surface morphology of the rubber waterstop before and after aging is further examined by SEM and is shown in Figure 7. At the same time, many protrusions appeared on the surface of the rubber waterstop, the C element gradually decreased, and the O element gradually increased. ; investigation, W.Y. Tensile specimens were I type dumbbell shaped with a thickness of 2.0 mm 0.2 mm as shown in Figure 2. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. HNBR Hydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber, Common Abbreviations Used in The Rubber Industry. Zhang L.B. Changes in C and O element content of different samples. As shown in Figure 7df, in the low-temperature water environment, the surface morphology of the specimens protruded, and after 54 days, the rubber surface appeared stepped stratification. The DW40 refrigerating test chamber was produced by Nanjing Sibenke Experiment Co (China). EDS results show that with the increase in aging time, there is an increase in O element and a decrease in C element in the low-temperature air environment. Li Bo et al. In water conservancy and hydro-power projects, considering that concrete cannot be continuously poured, construction joints, settlement joints and deformation joints are needed in order to adapt to the deformation of foundation and the deformation caused by the change in temperature. [11] accelerated the aging of rubber in a hot oxygen environment and investigated the changes in the mechanical properties of rubber before and after aging and the degree of aging with aging temperature and time. The cross-sectional morphologies after 18 days, 54 days and 90 days in the low-temperature water environment are shown in Figure 8df, where a small number of additive particles appeared after 90 days, indicating that this environment can reduce the adhesion of the rubber matrix. It can be seen from Table 1 and Table 2, Figure 4 and Figure 5 that the tensile strength, elongation, tear strength and compression permanent deformation of the rubber waterstop decreased in the low-temperature environment. ; writingoriginal draft preparation, S.L. YangJin Z.M., JiaYong C.C. After reaching the aging time, the specimens were taken out and placed indoors for 24 h. The tensile strength, elongation and tear strength were tested by an electronic universal tensile testing machine. Huang L.Q. The temperature of the freezer test chamber was set to 25 C, and then the 5 groups of specimens were aged in the freezing test chamber for 18 days, 36 days, 54 days, 72 days and 90 days, respectively. The vulcanized rubber used in this study mainly consisted of polyisoprene (9295% of cis1,4-polyisoprene) which was produced by Hebei Jingjia Rubber products Co., Ltd. (China). Figure 1 shows the flow chart of our experiments. 637 0 obj <>stream !gM`dc /z]l`LJH RD6`v=dtD_~v q l^)&FS`10j? The BW5 rubber waterstop with the specification of 300 mm 8 mm used in the construction joint of the real project was employed in this study. ; methodology, S.L. Figure 10 presents the infrared spectra of the rubber waterstop under a low-temperature air environment. The hardness increases slowly, the material becomes hard and gradually loses its elasticity. In the above studies, the environment of rubber aging was mostly set to high temperature and high oxygen or lack of microscopic testing and mechanism analysis. The changes in the content of C and O elements (wt %) in the rubber waterstop samples are shown in Table 3. Zeng X., Huang H.S. The average temperature in the coldest month (January) is 3.2 C while the average temperature in the hottest month (July) is 14.6 C [14]. Data reproduced with permission of Granta Design Limited www.grantadesign.com. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. National Library of Medicine Time and Stress Effects in the Behavior of Rubber at Low Temperature. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help More info. At low temperature, the surface of the specimen became rough while the specimen became hard. Increase in low-temperature aging time leads to a decrease in the tensile strength, elongation, tear strength and compression permanent deformation and an increase in the hardness of the rubber waterstop. It is an automated accessory designed to be used with the MINIFLASH FP Vision Analyzer. After 168 h of compression, the specimen was immediately released and allowed to recover at room temperature for 2733 min, and then measured the height of the specimen [20]. Liu S.M., Yu L., Gao J.X., Zhang X.D. If you need an account, pleaseregister here. The site is secure. Beatty J.R., Davies J.M. Analysis on climate characteristics of Shigatse in 2014. Talking Parts A Quick Video Series Looking at Critical Components. ; resources, L.Y. Copyright document.write((new Date()).getFullYear()); Rahco Rubber, Inc. All rights reserved. After 90 days, tiny holes appeared on the surface of the specimen, as shown in Figure 7c. To sign up for alerts, please log in first. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. 571 0 obj <> endobj ; formal analysis, S.L. The Quanta 250F SEM was produced by FEI (Hillsboro, OR, USA). hb```l"B FOIA For assistance in identifying the appropriate polymer or material, or to develop and formulate a NR or natural rubber compound to meet your specific application and performance requirements, please contact Rahco Rubber, Inc. at sales@rahco-rubber.com or 847-298-4200. The new PMC design is here! The shore hardness tester was used to test the hardness of the specimen [19]. Responds very well with resistance to ozone, high temperatures, oxygen, mineral oil, synthetic hydraulic fluids, fuels, aromatics and many organic solvents and chemicals. Based on the findings from this study, the following conclusions can be drawn: Conceptualization, L.Y. Careers. In the low-temperature air environment, the content of the C element decreased by 4.77% while the content of O element increased by 45.0% after 72 days; the oxidation reaction suddenly became faster from 72 days to 90 days, the content of C element decreased by 13.98% and the content of the O element increased by 105.0% after 90 days. An Overview of Post Irradiation Examination (PIE) Techniques. Li B., Li S.X., Zhang Z.N. Silicones also has good resistance to ozone, weather and is also a good insulator. This shows that the brittleness of rubber increases with the aging time, and the adverse effect is more obvious in the low-temperature air environment. Mechanical properties of aging rubber waterstop in low-temperature water environment. GeSang Z.M., NiMa L.Z. Infrared spectra of low-temperature air environment. In applications, rubber waterstop is often exposed to various environments, such as oxygen, ozone, light and temperature, so it often changes in composition and structure [5,6]. CEOs Walk the Talk: Reshoring Realities Point to a Golden Era for Domestic Supply But Whats Best for Your Rubber Components? Selecting this option will search all publications across the Scitation platform, Selecting this option will search all publications for the Publisher/Society in context, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Mechanical properties of natural rubber composites reinforced with cellulose fibers, Industrial Products Research Institute, 114 Higashi, Tsukubashi, Ibaraki 305, Japan, Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Polymer Technology, S100 44, Stockholm, Sweden. We use cookies to enhance your experience. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal about navigating our updated article layout. South North Water Diversion. Ethylene Propylene Copolymer has excellent resistance to phosphate ester fluids (Skydrol), brake fluids (glycol base), steam, weather, and ozone. ; writingreview and editing, L.Y. Neoprene exhibits good oil, ozone, weather, aging, refrigeration and chemical resistance. In the aging process of these polymers, the CC double bond breaks and forms hyperoxide-hydroperoxides, which leads to the decrease in the C element and the increase in the O element on the rubber surface. 8600 Rockville Pike The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The YF-8426 compression permanent deformation machine was produced by YangZhou YuanFeng Experiment Co (China). Infrared spectra of low-temperature water environment. ; project administration, L.Y. Additionally, the damaged specimens were tested by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry. will also be available for a limited time. Figure 9 shows the change curve of the C and O element content with aging time under three different environments. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Effect of thermal oxygen aging on mechanical properties and tribological behavior of nitrile butadiene rubber. The results showed that with the increase in aging temperature and aging time, the rubber hardness increased and its tensile strength decreased. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. ; visualization, W.Y. However, it does not do well with petroleum oils, sunlight and ozone. In the low-temperature water environment, the content of C element decreased by 4.16% while the content of the O element increased by 61.19% after 90 days. In order to elucidate the aging performance and aging mechanism of a rubber waterstop in low-temperature environments, the rubber waterstops were placed in the freezing test chamber to accelerate aging, and then we tested its tensile strength, elongation, tear strength, compression permanent deformation and hardness at different times. In the low-temperature water environment, the rubber matrix still maintains good adhesion. Corrosion is the degradation of analloy caused by its exposure to the environment. ; funding acquisition, Project of Jiangsu Provincial Construction Engineering Administration. In the low-temperature water environment, the surface protrusions become rough, and there are only a small number of additive particles in the cross-section at 90 days, which reduces the adhesion of the rubber matrix and affects the strength of the rubber waterstop.

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